CRISPR/Cas12a-mediated labeling of MET receptor enables quantitative single-molecule imaging of endogenous protein organization and dynamics

نویسندگان

چکیده

•CRISPR/Cas12a enables endogenous protein labeling for super-resolution microscopy•HEK293T cells were generated with MET endogenously labeled mEos4b•Quantitative PALM microscopy reports efficient dimerization of receptor•Single-particle tracking shows increased immobilization upon ligand treatment Single-molecule localization (SMLM) on organization in near-molecular resolution and combination stoichiometric counting. Fluorescent proteins allow cellular proteins; however, most methods either lead to overexpression or are complex time demanding. We introduce CRISPR/Cas12a simple tagging a photoactivatable quantitative SMLM single-particle tracking. constructed HEK293T cell line the receptor tyrosine kinase tagged mEos4b demonstrate full functionality. determine oligomeric state find reorganization from monomeric dimeric stimulation. In addition, we measured mobility single receptors vivo resting ligand-treated cells. The CRISPR/Cas12a-assisted represents powerful tool biological research molecular resolution. Super-resolution investigation dynamics at nanoscale opens door view function (Schermelleh et al., 2019Schermelleh L. Ferrand A. Huser T. Eggeling C. Sauer M. Biehlmaier O. Drummen G.P.C. demystified.Nat. Cell Biol. 2019; 21: 72-84Crossref PubMed Scopus (413) Google Scholar). is technique that generates images stochastic activation detection fluorescent emitters (Sauer Heilemann, 2017Sauer Heilemann eukaryotes.Chem. Rev. 2017; 117: 7478-7509Crossref (202) can report molecule numbers, simultaneously providing access information how assemble (Dietz 2019Dietz M.S. Optical unravels composition functional complexes.Nanoscale. 11: 17981-17991Crossref Photoactivated (PALM) variant uses photoconvertible activated stochastically by irradiation violet light (Betzig 2006Betzig E. Patterson G.H. Sougrat R. Lindwasser O.W. Olenych S. Bonifacino J.S. Davidson M.W. Lippincott-Schwartz J. Hess H.F. 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Recently, enzyme Cas12a discovered, has several advantages over Cas9. higher specificity (Kleinstiver 2016Kleinstiver B.P. Tsai S.Q. Prew Nguyen N.T. Welch M.M. Lopez McCaw Z.R. Aryee M.J. Joung J.K. Genome-wide specificities CRISPR-Cas Cpf1 nucleases Biotechnol. 34: 869-874Crossref (364) Kim 2017Kim H.K. Song Menon A.V. Kang Y.-M. Choi J.W. Woo Koh H.C. Nam J.-W. H. high-throughput profiling CRISPR-Cpf1 activity.Nat. 14: 153-159Crossref (178) Scholar) simpler crRNA structure comparison (Zetsche 2015Zetsche Gootenberg Abudayyeh O.O. Slaymaker I.M. Makarova K.S. Essletzbichler P. Volz S.E. van der Oost Regev al.Cpf1 RNA-guided endonuclease class 2 system.Cell. 163: 759-771Abstract Full Text PDF (2255) Additionally, cuts some distance recognition sequence, resulting more frequent not destroyed Moreno-Mateos 2017Moreno-Mateos M.A. Fernandez J.P. Rouet Vejnar C.E. Lane Mis Khokha M.K. Doudna Giraldez A.J. mediates homology-directed repair temperature-controlled editing.Nat. Commun. 2024Crossref (144) Despite numerous (Yamamoto Gerbi, 2018Yamamoto Gerbi S.A. Making ends meet. Targeted integration fragments editing.Chromosoma. 2018; 127: 405-420Crossref Scholar), standard intense. Taking advantage system, new approach (termed termed polymerase-chain reaction [PCR] tagging) time-saving method generate homologous insertion (Füller 2020Füller Herbst Meurer Gubicza Kurtulmus Knopf J.D. Kirrmaier Buchmuller B.C. Pereira G. Lemberg Knop CRISPR-Cas12a-assisted PCR genes.J. 2020; 219: e201910210Crossref main fast generation (PCR cassette) primers (which provide arms) designed online (www.pcr-tagging.com). Compared Cas9, requires only one expressed located cassette. Generation gene-specific cassette (by PCR) thus quick then directly transfected together plasmid. produce site-specific cut. cut repaired directed cassette, labels desired tag. This makes time-efficient alternative high efficiencies achieved Here, employ almost complete (Paez-Segala 2015Paez-Segala M.G. Sun Shtengel Viswanathan Baird Macklin J.J. Patel Allen J.R. Howe E.S. Piszczek al.Fixation-resistant CLEM.Nat. 12: 215-218Crossref (112) confirmed specific functionality PCR-tagged MET-mEos4b biochemical methods. microscopy, largely present monomer, whereas treated ligands hepatocyte growth (HGF) internalin B (InlB), dimers found. live-cell (SPT) experiments analyzed untreated HGF. summary, propose suitable endogenous, stoichiometric, labeling, SPT nanoscopic spatial resolution, assemblies, native dynamics. A recent study promising tagging, stable fused C-terminally (Figure 1A). two helper After selection CRISPR/Cas12a-tagged via puromycin, individual clones isolated verified fluorescence signals. Pronounced observed 10 16 tested. These divided five very moderate after 405 nm. clone randomly selected further PCRs amplified both inserted region (outside arms expected size found showing 1B; C6; duplicate), while other (high fluorescence) positive (data shown). Sequencing purified fragment C6 correct mEos4b, hereafter referred MET-mEos4b. Multiple copies chromosome polyploid mixed population untagged receptors, decreases efficiency chromosomal sites targeted. contain each (in total 64–70 chromosomes (Stepanenko 2015Stepanenko Andreieva Korets Mykytenko Huleyuk Vassetzky Kavsan Step-wise punctuated evolution drive phenotype changes tumor cells.Mutat. Res. 771: 56-69Crossref (24) Scholar)), still number compared lines (e.g., HeLa, 76–80 (Macville 1999Macville Schröck Padilla-Nash Keck Ghadimi B.M. Zimonjic Popescu Ried Comprehensive definitive cytogenetic characterization HeLa spectral karyotyping.Cancer 1999; 59: 141-150PubMed Scholar)). determined western blot shift band about 25–30 kDa wild-type 1C). reflects receptor. order fraction versus clone, quantified intensities 140 170 contains approximately 81% mEos4b-tagged 19% unlabeled MET. Next, active stimulating physiological MET, HGF, well bacterial InlB, InlB321-ATTO 647N, also targets characterized earlier 2013Dietz Haße Ferraris D.M. Göhler Niemann H.H. photobleaching reveals binding intact cells.BMC Biophys. 6Crossref (34) Dietz Wehrheim S.S. Harwardt M.-L.I.E. Competitive revealing influence biomolecular interactions.Nano Lett. 19: 8245-8249Crossref (13) 2017Harwardt Young Bleymüller W.M. Meyer Karathanasis Membrane B-bound studied tracking.FEBS Open Bio. 1422-1440Crossref (10) blots, phosphorylated stimulation both, HGF InlB321, did result phosphorylation S1A). Since alone might necessarily response (Liang 2018Liang S.I. Lengerich Eichel Cha Yoon T.-Y. Zastrow M.von Jura Gartner Z.J. Phosphorylated EGFR sufficient activate ras.Cell 22: 2593-2600Abstract (35) downstream signaling analyzing mitogen-activated S1B). Together, results behavior same pattern Upon verification next step investigate its membrane. that, measurements expressing While showed signal, clear punctate signal basal internal reflection illumination (Figures 1D–1F). precision nearest neighbor (Endesfelder 2014Endesfelder U. Malkusch Fricke estimate average experiment.Histochem. 2014; 141: 629-638Crossref (120) obtained value ± 3 Furthermore, addressed cell-to-cell heterogeneity nanoclusters per ?m2 variations between (0.63 0.32 cluster/?m2). data have expresses fully Stoichiometric important explicitly interested explore potential Quantitative demands high-efficient provides within otherwise inaccessible (Krüger 2017Krüger C.L. Zeuner M.-T. Cottrell G.S. Widera TLR4 ligand-specific dimerization.Sci. Signal. eaan1308Crossref (47) 2020Karathanasis Medler Smith Fulda Wajant Wijk S.J.L. Dikic TNF?-induced plasma TNFR1 clusters eaax5647Crossref (27) Möller 2020Möller Isbilir Sungkaworn Osberg Sunkara Grushevskyi E.O. Bock Annibale al.Single-molecule agonist-specific dimer formation ?-opioid receptors.Nat. Chem. 16: 946-954Crossref (41) consist cannot resolved units because packing density beyond capabilities PALM. emission kinetics extract (qPALM) (Fricke 2015Fricke Beaudouin Eils One, three? Probing stoichiometry microscopy.Sci. 14072Crossref (101) Hummer 2016Hummer Model-independent counting molecules microscopy.Mol. Cell. 27: 3637-3644Crossref (48) Baldering 2019aBaldering T.N. Bullerjahn J.T. Molecule counts oligomers microscopy.J. Phys. D Appl. 52: 474002Crossref (5) aimed before whether qPALM analysis, first imaged immobilized glass surface bleaching probability (p-value) “blinking” statistics S2A S2B). p-value 0.34 0.01, similar mEos3.2 (0.32) (Baldering 2019bBaldering Gatterdam Wieneke Tampé Synthetic ruler PALM.Mol. 30: 1369-1376Crossref (11) S2C). Previous shown reference CD86 CTLA4 serve photophysical parameters CD86-mEos4b CTLA4-mEos4b plasmids, plasmids recorded images, analysis. 0.27 S2D S2E), equal CD86-mEos3.2 analyze fitting histogram fit S2F S2G). q-value 0.35, slightly lower CTLA4-mEos3.2 (q = 0.39) 0.35 translates 79% (see Equation 1 Supplemental Information). To additionally include multiplied (0.79) (0.81) obtain absolute (0.64) corrects undetected receptors. (p 0.27; d 0.64) oligomerization 5%±1% 2A S2H). addition nM 71±3% 2B S2I). explicit ligand-stimulated agreement model (Comoglio 2008Comoglio P.M. Giordano Trusolino Drug development inhibitors. Targeting oncogene addiction expedience.Nat. Discov. 2008; 504-516Crossref (685) additional experiment, 5 647N S3A). By membrane, 63±2% dimers, S3B). when co-localizing assuming co-localizations bound 647N. co-localized spots 68±4% S3C). confirm kinases. Receptor respond various kinases (Schlessinger, 2002Schlessinger Ligand-induced, receptor-mediated EGF receptor.Cell. 2002; 110: 669-672Abstract (777) Ibach 2015Ibach Radon Gelléri Sonntag M.H. Brunsveld Bastiaens P.I.H. Verveer P.J. Single particle activity clathrin-coated pits.PLoS One. e0143162Crossref 2020Harwardt Schröder Li Freund Gupta Janjic Strauss Jungmann heteromeric complexes activation.Int. Mol. Sci. 2803Crossref Therefore, reduced immobile InlB321. First, (sptPALM) (Manley 2008Manley Gillette Shroff Betzig High-density mapping trajectories photoactivated microscopy.Nat. 155-157Crossref (829) observing state, freely diffusing cells; 3A). contrast, HGF-stimulated strong decrease free diffusion 3B). Considerably, coefficients. types, mean square displacement (MSD) (Rossier 2012Rossier Octeau Sibarita J.-B. Leduc Tessier Nair Destaing Albigès-Rizo al.Integrins ?1 ?3 exhibit dynamic organizations inside focal adhesions.Nat. 2012; 1057-1067Crossref (254) relative frequency 15±2% 3C). sptPALM doubled 27±3%. Stimulation large 72±3%.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: iScience

سال: 2021

ISSN: ['2589-0042']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101895